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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Nitrogen nutrition in the arbuscular mycorrhizal system ： ウィキペディア英語版 Nitrogen nutrition in the arbuscular mycorrhizal system Nitrogen nutrition in the arbuscular mycorrhizal system ==Role of nitrogen== Nitrogen is a vital macronutrient for plants, necessary for the biosynthesis of many basic cellular components, such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Nitrogen is obtained by plants through roots from inorganic or organic sources, such as amino acids.〔Govindarajulu, Manjula; Pfeffer,Philip E.; Jin, Hairu; Abubaker, Jehad; Douds, David D; Allen, James W.; Bucking, Heike; Lammers, Peter J.; Shachar-Hill, Yair (2005). "Sulfur Transfer through an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza". ''Plant Physiology'' 149:549-560〕 In agricultural settings, nitrogen may be a limiting factor for plant growth and yield, and in total, as a critical cellular component that a plant deficient in this nitrogen will shunt resources away from its shoot in order to expand its root system so that it can acquire more nitrogen.〔Marschner, Horst. ''Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants''. Academic Press, 2002, p. 250〕 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are divided into two parts depending on where the mycelium is located. The intra-radical mycelia (IRM) are found within the root itself while the extra-radical mycelium (ERM) are tiny hyphal threads which reach far out into the soil. The IRM is the site of nutrient exchange between the symbionts, while the ERM effectively serves as an extension of the plant's root system by increasing the surface area available for nutrient acquisition, including nitrogen, which can be taken up in the form of ammonium, nitrate or from organic sources.〔Allen, James W. and Shachar-Hill, Yair (2009). "Sulfur Transfer through an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza". ''Plant Physiology'' 149:549-560〕〔Leigh, Joanne; Hodge, Angela; Fitter, Alastair H.(2008). "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi can Transfer Substantial Amounts of Nitrogen to their Host Plant from Organic Material". "New Phytologist " 181:199ñ207〕 Working with an ''in vitro'' system, studies have shown that as much as 29%〔Govindarajulu, Manjula; Pfeffer,Philip E.; Jin, Hairu; Abubaker, Jehad; Douds, David D; Allen, James W.; Bucking, Heike; Lammers, Peter J.; Shachar-Hill, Yair (2005) "Nitrogen transfer in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis". ''Nature'' 435:819-823〕 to 50%〔Jin, H; Pfeffer, P. E.; Douds, D. D.; Piotrowski, E.; Lammers, P. J.; Shachar-Hill, Yair (2005). "The uptake, metabolism, transport and transfer of nitrogen in an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis". ''New Phytologist'' 168:687ñ696〕 of the root nitrogen was taken up via the fungus. This is also true in ''in planta'' studies, such as an experiment in which the researchers showed that 75% of the nitrogen in a young maize leaf originated from the ERM.〔Tanaka, Yoko; Yano, Katsuya (2005). "Nitrogen delivery to maize via mycorrhizal hyphae depends on the form of N supplied". ''Plant, Cell and Environment'' 28:1247-1254.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nitrogen nutrition in the arbuscular mycorrhizal system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.